cpanm安装及Perl模块安装教程

2013年11月30日作者：junjie

cpanm是安装Perl模块的最方便的方法。自动下载安装依赖包。使用CPAN shell或下载源码包安装模块，遇到大量依赖关系，非常头痛。下面就是一例：

安装MongoDB模块

# perl Makefile.PL 

Warning: prerequisite Class::Method::Modifiers 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Data::Types 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite DateTime 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite DateTime::Tiny 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite ExtUtils::MakeMaker 6.59 not found. We have 6.30.

Warning: prerequisite File::Slurp 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite File::Temp 0.17 not found. We have 0.16.

Warning: prerequisite JSON 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Moose 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Test::Exception 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Test::Warn 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Tie::IxHash 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Try::Tiny 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite boolean 0 not found.

Writing Makefile for MongoDB

1. 安装cpanm

cpanm其实是一个可执行文件而已。将它下载到bin目录，然后添加执行权限就可以了。

# wget http:

//xrl.us/cpanm -O /usr/bin/cpanm; chmod +x /usr/bin/cpanm

2. 使用cpanm安装模块

# cpanm -h
-v,--verbose              Turns on chatty output
-q,--quiet                Turns off the most output
--interactive             开启交互配置(required for Task:: modules)
-f,--force                强制安装
-n,--notest               Do not run unit tests
--test-only               只测试不安装
-S,--sudo                 sudo to run install commands
--installdeps             只安装依赖模块
--showdeps                只显示依赖信息
--reinstall               重新安装
--mirror                  指定镜像url (e.g. http://cpan.cpantesters.org/)
--mirror-only             只从镜像下载
--prompt                  Prompt when configure/build/test fails
-l,--local-lib            Specify the install base to install modules
-L,--local-lib-contained Specify the install base to install all non-core modules
--self-contained          Install all non-core modules, even if they're already installed.
--auto-cleanup            Number of days that cpanm's work directories expire in. Defaults to 7

Examples:
cpanm Test::More                                          # install Test::More
cpanm MIYAGAWA/Plack-0.99_05.tar.gz                       # full distribution path
cpanm http://example.org/LDS/CGI.pm-3.20.tar.gz           # install from URL
cpanm ~/dists/MyCompany-Enterprise-1.00.tar.gz            # install from a local file
cpanm --interactive Task::Kensho                          # Configure interactively
cpanm .                                                   # install from local directory
cpanm --installdeps .                                     # install all the deps for the current directory
cpanm -L extlib Plack                                     # install Plack and all non-core deps into extlib
cpanm --mirror http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ DBI           # use the fast-syncing mirror

参数名直接为模块名称

如，安装MongoDB模块

# cpanm MongoDB

--> Working on MongoDB

Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/F/FR/FRIEDO/MongoDB-0.702.0.tar.gz ... OK

Configuring MongoDB-0.702.0 ... OK

==> Found dependencies: DateTime, Tie::IxHash, Data::Types, DateTime::Tiny, Class::Method::Modifiers, boolean, Moose, File::Slurp, Try::Tiny, Test::Exception, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, Test::Warn, File::Temp, JSON

--> Working on DateTime

......  //自动解决依赖模块

为了加快下载速度, 可以指定使用镜像,并只从镜像下载:

# cpanm --mirror http:

//mirrors.163.com/cpan --mirror-only MongoDB

3. 删除模块

安装App::pmuninstall模块：

# cpanm App::pmuninstall

4.删除模块

# pm-uninstall MongoDB

MongoDB.so: undefined symbol: HeUTF8 问题解决方案参见：//www.laike.net/article/56285.htm